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The 2013 SHARE (Seismic Hazard Harmonisation in Europe) model
SHARE was a project aimed at the construction of a harmonised and consensual hazard model for Europe. The SHARE project was sponsored by the European Union under the Seventh Framework Programme for Research (FP7). The resulting European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM13) was the first GEM regional programme to be completed. Information about the SHARE model can be found in Giardini, D. et al, 2014 and the SHARE website.
Basic Datasets
The SHARE project produced a large set of databases indispensable for the construction of a PSHA input model. Most of these databases contribute to provide - for the first time - a homogeneous view of the earthquake process across Europe. Below we provide a very short description and some references regarding these databases.
Earthquake catalogues
The catalogue used to calculate activity rates for most of the seismic sources included in the SHARE PSHA input model is the SHEEC catalogue downloadable from the EFHER website. SHEEC is a catalogue developed by combining two main components:
- The first component covers the period between 1000 and 1899 (Stucchi et. al., 2012)
- The second component covers the period between 1900 and 2006 (Grünthal et al., 2013)
Active fault database
The European Database of Seismogenic Faults (EDSF) is the first comprehensive database of active faults prepared for the European continent (Basili et al., 2013). The EDSF website is accessible here . A catalogue of active faults is available on the EFEHR website
Strong ground motion recordings
SHARE created a parametric strong motion database. It contains recordings of earthquakes that occurred globally between the 1930s and 2009 for a total of 2448 events and 14193 records. The parametric database can be downloaded from the EFEHR website.
The Seismic Source Model
The SHARE seismic source model consists of three backbone models:
- An area source based model
- A model which combines faults with background sources (FS-BG)
- A model obtained by smoothing seismicity using the approach proposed by Hiemer et al. (2013)
The map below shows the annual occurrence rate per source (between minimum and maximum magnitudes) for the different source models included in the SHARE model. Click the show map layers icon to view different source models and base layer maps.
operating instructions
Various functions are available as part of the map.
mouse/touch operation
- moving by grabbing the map with a mouse-click you can move the map around
- overview map using the + button in the bottom right of the map you can expand an overview map
- zooming in and out using the + and - buttons in the top left of the map you can obtain more or less detail in the map
- switching themes or maps clicking on the ≡ icon on the right-hand side of the map you can view and select available maps and themes
- retrieving information the map may contain elements that contain more information, by clicking these a popup will show this information
- fullscreen display using the ✈ button the map can be maximized to fullscreen display, use the ✕ button to return to page display.
keyboard operation
Keyboard operation becomes available after activating the map using the tab key (the map will show a focus indicator ring).
- moving using the arrow keys you can move the map
- overview map using the + button in the bottom right of the map you can expand an overview map
- zooming in and out using the + and - buttons in the top left of the map or by using the + and - keys you can obtain more or less detail in the map
- switching themes or maps clicking on the ≡ icon on the right-hand side of the map you can view and select available maps and themes
- retrieving information the map may contain elements that contain more information, using the i key you can activate a cursor that may be moved using the arrow keys, pressing the enter will execute an information retrieval. press the i or the escape key to return to navigation mode
- fullscreen display using the ✈ button the map can be maximized to fullscreen display, use the ✕ button to return to page display.
It's possible that some of the functions or buttons describe above have been disabled by the page author or the administrator
(number of events / year)
- < 1e-6
- 1e-6 - 1e-5
- 1e-5 - 1e-4
- 1e-4 - 1e-3
- 1e-3 - 1e-2
- 1e-2 - 1e-1
- 1e-1 - 1
- 1 - 10
- >= 10
The Ground Motion Model
The SHARE project developed a complex logic tree for ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) which takes into account the major tectonic regions in Europe as well as the most recent GMPEs. The process adopted for the selection of GMPE is described in Delavaud et al. (2012).
For each tectonic region, various GMPEs are used to account for epistemic uncertainties. For each tectonic region, the model considers multiple ground motion prediction equations organised in a logic tree structure.
| Active Shallow Crust | Weight |
| Periods lower or equal to 3s | |
| Akkar and Bommer, 2010 | 0.35 |
| Cauzzi and Faccioli, 2008 | 0.35 |
| Zhao et al., 2006 | 0.10 |
| Chiou and Youngs, 2008 | 0.20 |
| Periods higher than 3s | |
| Cauzzi and Faccioli, 2008 | 0.5 |
| Chiou and Youngs, 2008 | 0.5 |
| Stable continental regions | Weight |
| Shield | |
| Campbell, 2003 | 0.5 |
| Toro, 2002 | 0.5 |
| Continental crust | |
| Campbell, 2003 (adjusted to 800 m/s) | 0.2 |
| Toro, 2002 (adjusted to 800 m/s) | 0.2 |
| Akkar and Bommer, 2010 | 0.2 |
| Cauzzi and Faccioli, 2008 | 0.2 |
| Chiou and Youngs, 2008 | 0.2 |
| Subduction | Weight |
| Interface | |
| Zhao et al., 2006 | 0.4 |
| Atkinson and Boore, 2003 | 0.2 |
| Youngs et al., 1997 | 0.2 |
| Lin and Lee, 2008 | 0.2 |
| Inslab | |
| Zhao et al., 2006 | 0.4 |
| Atkinson and Boore, 2003 | 0.2 |
| Youngs et al., 1997 | 0.2 |
| Lin and Lee, 2008 | 0.2 |
| Volcanic | Weight |
| Faccioli et al., 2010 | 1.0 |
| Vrancea | Weight |
| Youngs et al., 1997 | 0.40 |
| Lin and Lee, 2008 | 0.60 |
Hazard results
The figures below show examples of results computed with the SHARE model.
References
- Basili R., Kastelic V., Demircioglu M. B., Garcia Moreno D., Nemser E. S., Petricca P., Sboras S. P., Besana-Ostman G. M., Cabral J., Camelbeeck T., Caputo R., Danciu L., Domac H., Fonseca J., García-Mayordomo J., Giardini D., Glavatovic B., Gulen L., Ince Y., Pavlides S., Sesetyan K., Tarabusi G., Tiberti M. M., Utkucu M., Valensise G., Vanneste K., Vilanova S., Wössner J. (2013). The European Database of Seismogenic Faults (EDSF) compiled in the framework of the Project SHARE. http://diss.rm.ingv.it/share-edsf/, doi:10.6092/INGV.IT-SHARE-EDSF.
- Delavaud, E., F. Cotton, S. Akkar, F. Scherbaum, L. Danciu, C. Beauval, S. Drouet, S. Douglas, R. Basili, M. A. Sandikkaya, M. Segou, E. Faccioli, N. Theodoulidis (2012). Toward a ground-motion logic tree for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in Europe. Journal of Seismology, 16:451–473, Journal website
- Giardini, D., J. Woessner, L. Danciu (2014). Mapping Europe’s Seismic Hazard. EOS, 95(29): 261-262. Journal website
- D. Giardini, J. Woessner, L. Danciu, H. Crowley, F. Cotton, G. Grünthal, R. Pinho, G. Valensise, S. Akkar, R. Arvidsson, R. Basili, T. Cameelbeeck, A. Campos-Costa, J. Douglas, M. B. Demircioglu, M. Erdik, J. Fonseca, B. Glavatovic, C. Lindholm, K. Makropoulos, C. Meletti, R. Musson, K. Pitilakis, K. Sesetyan, D. Stromeyer, M. Stucchi, A. Rovida, Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe (SHARE): Online Data Resource, doi: 10.12686/SED-00000001-SHARE, 2013. SHARE website
- Grünthal, G., R. Walström, D. Stromayer (2013). The SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC) for the time period 1900–2006 and its comparison to the European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue. Journal of Seismology, 17:1339–1344, Journal website
- Hiemer, S., D. D. Jackson, Q. Wang, Y. Y. Kagan, J. Woessner, J. D. Zechar, S. Wiemer (2013). A Stochastic Forecast of California Earthquakes Based on Fault Slip and Smoothed Seismicity. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 103(2A): 799–810. Journal Website
- Stucchi, M., A. Rovida, A. A. Gomez Capera, P. Alexandre, T. Camelbeeck, M. B. Demircioglu, P. Gasperini, V. Kouskouna, R. M. W. Musson, M. Radulian, K. Sesetyan, S. Vilanova, D. Baumont, H. Bungum, D. Fäh, W. Lenhardt, K. Makropoulos, J. M. Martinez Solares, O. Scotti, M. Ž ivčic, P. Albini, J. Batllo, C. Papaioannou, R. Tatevossian, M. Locati, C. Meletti, D. Viganò, D. Giardini (2012). The SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC) 1000–1899. Journal of Seismology, 17(2): 523-544, Journal website
- Wells, D.L., and Coppersmith, K.J., 1994, New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, and surface displacements: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, p. 974–1002. Journal Website
Model summary table
This table summarises the main characteristics of the original implementation of this model
| 1 | Datasets availability | |
|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | Earthquake catalogue | Available (see the Basic Datasets section) |
| 1.2 | Geological database | Available (see the Basic Datasets section) |
| 1.3 | Strong-motion database | Available (see the Basic Datasets section) |
| 1.4 | Site characterization database | Not Available |
| Notes | ||
| 2 | Methodology for model development | |
| 2.1 | Scientific participation (SSHAC levels) and review process | Level 3 |
| 2.2 | Documentation describing model preparation | Partially available |
| 2.3 | Codes used for model preparation | Not Available |
| Notes | ||
| 3 | PSHA input model | |
| 3.1 | Seismic Source Model | |
| 3.1.1 | Area sources | YES |
| 3.1.2 | Grid sources | YES |
| 3.1.3 | Crustal faults | YES |
| 3.1.4 | Subduction faults | YES |
| 3.1.5 | Non-parametric ruptures | NO |
| 3.1.6 | Magnitude-area scaling relationships | Wells and Coppersmith (1994) |
| 3.2 | Ground Motion Model | |
| 3.2.0 | Tectonic regionalisation | Available |
| 3.2.1 | Models for active shallow seismicity | YES |
| 3.2.2 | Models for subduction interface | YES |
| 3.2.3 | Models for subduction intraslab | YES |
| 3.2.4 | Models for stable continental regions | YES |
| 3.2.5 | Models for deep non-subduction sources | YES |
| 3.2.6 | Models for volcanic areas | YES |
| 3.3 | Site Response Model | |
| 3.3.1 | Based on GMPEs | YES |
| 3.3.2 | Based on site-response analysis | NO |
| 3.4 | Epistemic uncertainties | |
| 3.4.1 | Seismic Source Model | Included |
| 3.4.2 | Ground Motion Model | Included using a logic tree (see the ground motion model section) |
| 3.4.3 | Site Response Model | Not included |
| Notes | ||
| 4 | Hazard Input Description | |
| 4.1 | Hazard input document | Not Available |
| 4.2 | Input files | Available |
| Notes | ||
| 5 | Calculation | |
| 5.1 | Software | Openquake, available here |
| 5.2 | Results | |
| 5.2.1 | Hazard curves | Available |
| 5.2.2 | Hazard maps | Available |
| 5.2.3 | Uniform hazard spectra | Available |
| 5.2.4 | Disaggregation | Not Available |
| 5.2.5 | Stochastic event sets | Not Available |
| 5.2.6 | Ground motion fields | Not Available |
| Notes | All the results are available on the European Facility for Earthquake Hazard and Risk website | |
| 6 | Download oq-engine input model (NRML format) - Please read the license and disclaimer attached to the model | |
| Link | Not available | |